Internet of Things For Monitoring The Environmental Parameters

Describes design of an embedded web server for weather parameter monitoring, which is devised around microcontroller ATmega 328 interfaced with the Wiznet Ethernet shield W5100.
ORIGINAL POST
By Prianka Agrawal , Gaurav Chitranshi
components
Hardware Components
Temperature Sensor
X 1
Microcontroller Atmega328
X 1
Rain Sensor
X 1
Light Emitting Diode
X 1
Pressure Sensor
X 1
WIZnet Ethernet Shield (W5100)
X 1
Software Apps and online services
Arduino IDE
details

When Raining module is “Dry.jpg

INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems are pickup more and more popular with their integration in large number of applications. Broadly speaking today every application has got at least one embedded component integrated inside it, e.g., consumer electronics, automobiles, industrial automation, networking, etc. Nowadays they are also being devised as web application servers. The major benefits of embedding the web server are improved reliability, performance, efficiency, scalability and low cost. Such systems can be found very useful in remote monitoring applications where direct human intervention is not possible or at least not necessary. The future object of internet is not only for wired communication technologies but also wireless, Internet of Things (IoT) .Internet of Things has three basic characteristics: appreciable, internet connective and intelligent. IoT with microcontrollers can be used practically in ll scenarios. Sensor enabled devices can help monitor the impact on almost everything. Monitoring of environmental parameters gives huge information in domain like home automation, industrial automation, mobile healthcare, elderly assistance, smart grids and traffic management. Smart objects can be agreed as a objects allow of both somatic and digital parts, addressed, networking and computational devices. When we work on embedded system there is demand of a microcontroller for environment parameter watching. So that station should watch and allow information for outside examines.

Monitoring weather parameters from a far location is useful for many application and industrial procedure .At prematurely time environment watching station are commonly based electronics and antenna instrument which sustain from the debit like lasting. This paper describes design of an embedded web server for weather parameter monitoring, which is devised around microcontroller ATmega 328 interfaced with the WIZnet Ethernet shield W5100. In the proposed system the temperature, pressure and humidity sensors along with the signal conditioning circuitry form an input part. When powered the system and enters an address into browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox, the browser sends a request off into the web asking to view the webpage found at that request and get data of all sensor on webpage.

SYSTEM ARCHICTECTURE  

The architecture of weather monitoring system is shown in figure1. Here system consists of three different parts. First is the embedded based web server, second is the internet and third is the user part or client. The client thus monitors various parameter statuses through sensors. When network access is interfaced along with Microcontroller this makes user to easily meet the monitoring requirements through web page.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The basic block diagram is shown in Figure2 It consists of temperature, pressure and Rain sensors, analog to digital converter, Serial to Parallel interface, a microcontroller for controlling system’s activities and an Ethernet interface for network connectivity. The individual blocks are described below.

A. Temperature Sensor

Figure2: Basic Block Diagram

 LM35 is a absorbed compass analog device which used to expedient of the heat with an charged outcome commensurably to the heat (in oC). The scale factor is .01V/oC. The LM35 does not demand any outer calibration or defeat and maintains an precision of +/- 0.4oC at room temperature and +/- 0.8oC over a vary of 0oC to +100oC [2]. The Temperature Sensor is shown in Figure3.

The LM35 is low produce impedance, direct output and precise essential calibration make interact to readout or handle circuitry in particular easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.

 

                       Figure3.Temperture Sensor  

 

B. Microcontroller Atmega328

It is a development board of ATmega328 and another name is Arduino Uno board. It has total 28 pins in which fourteen digital I/O pins, six analog inputs, one quartz crystal clock, one Universal Serial Bus connection, one power jack. The ATmega328 has 32 KB flash RAM and two KB of SRAM and one KB of EEPROM.

Figure4: Atmega328

C. Rain Sensor  

Rain can be easily detected by using rain sensor module. When rain drop falls through the raining board and also for expedient rain fall ardor behaves as switch. The features of rain module are a rain board, regulate board that’s breakup for more comfort, one power pointer LED and adjustable sharpness though a potentiometer.

Through this analog sensor produce is used for detection of water drops within the quantity of rainfall which is connected to 5V power provision and there is one more LED for indication of amount of water droplets connected with a wide voltage LM393 comparator. The Rain Sensor is shown in below Figure5.

 

                                 Figure5: Rain Sensor

D. Pressure Sensor

It is an analog device from Bosch is the low-priced sensing resolution for expedient atmospheric pressure and heat. That’s why when the pressure is changes with altitude and also gets altimeter value. This analog device is soldered onto a PCB with a 3.3V controller, I2C level shifter and pull-up resistors on the I2C pins. It is the coming-generation of analog device or sensors from Bosch, and relieves the old one like BMP085.

It is fully clone of the BMP085 in terms of hardware or software and any example code/libraries as substitute. You need to know that data is ready you will need to query the I2C bus.

 

                   

  Figure 6: BMP180 Pressure sensor

E. Light Emitting Diode

 It is a one of basic components of electronics department that’s made by semiconductor material with doping process so that capable for emits light which is visible when an electric current passes through it. It is connect to digital pin of microcontroller with a 1K resistor.

It consists of two elements known as P type semiconductors and N type semiconductors and forming a region known as P- N junction. It has too many application as per our project is used as indicator and control by client side.

          

  Figure 7: Light Emitting Diode

F. WIZnet Ethernet Shield (W5100)

 The Ethernet Shield W5100 chip or board is used for provide internet or LAN connection to the Arduino Uno board. The main chip of this board is the WIZnet W5100 Ethernet chip. The feature of WIZnet W5100 chip are support for Ethernet library, one micro-SD card slot, provides a network stack capable of both TCP and UDP also four simultaneous socket ink age. The Ethernet shield links to an Arduino board through mounted over the Arduino Uno board. The connection between Ethernet shield and Development board of ATmega 328 through internal peripheral serial to parallel communication pins.

 

 

            

  Figure8: Ethernet Controller

 G. Internet of thing

 The IoT links the physical objects to the Internet. It can allow an exchange of information ne’er obtainable before and bring users data in a more trustable way. Whereas Cisco evaluate the Internet of things will consist of fifty billion devices connected to the web by 2020. Rise deeper wisdom with analytics using our Internet of Things System to enhance productivity, make substitute of business models, and generate substitute revenue streams.

A sensor is an analog device. It will not do anything in the same sense that a machine does. It expedient, it estimate; in little, it gathers information. The IoT actually comes concurrently with the combination of sensors and machines. That is to speak; the original value that the IoT creates is at the junction of collecting data and investing it. All the information gathered by all the sensors within the world isn’t price pretty much if there isn’t an framework in place to research  it in real time.

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

It is a hardwired part of any embedded system; it links with hardware to carry out different functions. , Arduino IDE software is used. It is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to help you write, compile, and debug embedded programs in figure 9.

Figure 9: Arduino IDE

 

Flowchart

 

Figure 10: flowchart

This is the flow chart in figure10 of working process in which starts from server IP address is entering in to the URL of web page and get webpage at client side with several environment parameters values. Web page has checkbox for control the LED is on and off at client side.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The objective was to contemplate and elaborate a remote weather monitoring station based on Internet of Things (Web server). To achieve the Sensor value and Led control at client side through refreshing the HTML web page and get all environment parameters can be monitored in every one second. The development board of ATmega328 and input/output devices are compatible with Arduino Uno IDE is of simple design, cost effective and veracious. It can be notified that the temperature sensor shows a good level of stability as well as accuracy without any external calibration. Pressure Sensor of station also shows a very good accuracy and also gets altitude value. The Rain sensor is changes shows the results according the level of water drops on raining module:

              Figure 11 : When Raining module is “Dry”

 

  Figure 12 : When Raining module is “Soaked with Water”

 

          Figure 13 : When Raining module is “Heavy Rain”

 CONCLUSION

 Internet of things, this is one of the ways is web server based monitories the environment parameters which are serve as a secure and productive system. There is too many ways we can reduces the human intervention and create world as smart by IoT and it really needs more efforts into overcome or get the ultimate goal of IoT such as smart building an ecosystem that can provide smart user-oriented, smart health care and smart  environment aware services. In this paper , we were used LAN connection (RJ45) which is also replaced by Wi-Fi module so that we can access server data from any internet connection.

When Raining module is “Dry.jpg

INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems are pickup more and more popular with their integration in large number of applications. Broadly speaking today every application has got at least one embedded component integrated inside it, e.g., consumer electronics, automobiles, industrial automation, networking, etc. Nowadays they are also being devised as web application servers. The major benefits of embedding the web server are improved reliability, performance, efficiency, scalability and low cost. Such systems can be found very useful in remote monitoring applications where direct human intervention is not possible or at least not necessary. The future object of internet is not only for wired communication technologies but also wireless, Internet of Things (IoT) .Internet of Things has three basic characteristics: appreciable, internet connective and intelligent. IoT with microcontrollers can be used practically in ll scenarios. Sensor enabled devices can help monitor the impact on almost everything. Monitoring of environmental parameters gives huge information in domain like home automation, industrial automation, mobile healthcare, elderly assistance, smart grids and traffic management. Smart objects can be agreed as a objects allow of both somatic and digital parts, addressed, networking and computational devices. When we work on embedded system there is demand of a microcontroller for environment parameter watching. So that station should watch and allow information for outside examines.

Monitoring weather parameters from a far location is useful for many application and industrial procedure .At prematurely time environment watching station are commonly based electronics and antenna instrument which sustain from the debit like lasting. This paper describes design of an embedded web server for weather parameter monitoring, which is devised around microcontroller ATmega 328 interfaced with the WIZnet Ethernet shield W5100. In the proposed system the temperature, pressure and humidity sensors along with the signal conditioning circuitry form an input part. When powered the system and enters an address into browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox, the browser sends a request off into the web asking to view the webpage found at that request and get data of all sensor on webpage.

SYSTEM ARCHICTECTURE  

The architecture of weather monitoring system is shown in figure1. Here system consists of three different parts. First is the embedded based web server, second is the internet and third is the user part or client. The client thus monitors various parameter statuses through sensors. When network access is interfaced along with Microcontroller this makes user to easily meet the monitoring requirements through web page.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The basic block diagram is shown in Figure2 It consists of temperature, pressure and Rain sensors, analog to digital converter, Serial to Parallel interface, a microcontroller for controlling system’s activities and an Ethernet interface for network connectivity. The individual blocks are described below.

A. Temperature Sensor

Figure2: Basic Block Diagram

 LM35 is a absorbed compass analog device which used to expedient of the heat with an charged outcome commensurably to the heat (in oC). The scale factor is .01V/oC. The LM35 does not demand any outer calibration or defeat and maintains an precision of +/- 0.4oC at room temperature and +/- 0.8oC over a vary of 0oC to +100oC [2]. The Temperature Sensor is shown in Figure3.

The LM35 is low produce impedance, direct output and precise essential calibration make interact to readout or handle circuitry in particular easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies.

 

                       Figure3.Temperture Sensor  

 

B. Microcontroller Atmega328

It is a development board of ATmega328 and another name is Arduino Uno board. It has total 28 pins in which fourteen digital I/O pins, six analog inputs, one quartz crystal clock, one Universal Serial Bus connection, one power jack. The ATmega328 has 32 KB flash RAM and two KB of SRAM and one KB of EEPROM.

Figure4: Atmega328

C. Rain Sensor  

Rain can be easily detected by using rain sensor module. When rain drop falls through the raining board and also for expedient rain fall ardor behaves as switch. The features of rain module are a rain board, regulate board that’s breakup for more comfort, one power pointer LED and adjustable sharpness though a potentiometer.

Through this analog sensor produce is used for detection of water drops within the quantity of rainfall which is connected to 5V power provision and there is one more LED for indication of amount of water droplets connected with a wide voltage LM393 comparator. The Rain Sensor is shown in below Figure5.

 

                                 Figure5: Rain Sensor

D. Pressure Sensor

It is an analog device from Bosch is the low-priced sensing resolution for expedient atmospheric pressure and heat. That’s why when the pressure is changes with altitude and also gets altimeter value. This analog device is soldered onto a PCB with a 3.3V controller, I2C level shifter and pull-up resistors on the I2C pins. It is the coming-generation of analog device or sensors from Bosch, and relieves the old one like BMP085.

It is fully clone of the BMP085 in terms of hardware or software and any example code/libraries as substitute. You need to know that data is ready you will need to query the I2C bus.

 

                   

  Figure 6: BMP180 Pressure sensor

E. Light Emitting Diode

 It is a one of basic components of electronics department that’s made by semiconductor material with doping process so that capable for emits light which is visible when an electric current passes through it. It is connect to digital pin of microcontroller with a 1K resistor.

It consists of two elements known as P type semiconductors and N type semiconductors and forming a region known as P- N junction. It has too many application as per our project is used as indicator and control by client side.

          

  Figure 7: Light Emitting Diode

F. WIZnet Ethernet Shield (W5100)

 The Ethernet Shield W5100 chip or board is used for provide internet or LAN connection to the Arduino Uno board. The main chip of this board is the WIZnet W5100 Ethernet chip. The feature of WIZnet W5100 chip are support for Ethernet library, one micro-SD card slot, provides a network stack capable of both TCP and UDP also four simultaneous socket ink age. The Ethernet shield links to an Arduino board through mounted over the Arduino Uno board. The connection between Ethernet shield and Development board of ATmega 328 through internal peripheral serial to parallel communication pins.

 

 

            

  Figure8: Ethernet Controller

 G. Internet of thing

 The IoT links the physical objects to the Internet. It can allow an exchange of information ne’er obtainable before and bring users data in a more trustable way. Whereas Cisco evaluate the Internet of things will consist of fifty billion devices connected to the web by 2020. Rise deeper wisdom with analytics using our Internet of Things System to enhance productivity, make substitute of business models, and generate substitute revenue streams.

A sensor is an analog device. It will not do anything in the same sense that a machine does. It expedient, it estimate; in little, it gathers information. The IoT actually comes concurrently with the combination of sensors and machines. That is to speak; the original value that the IoT creates is at the junction of collecting data and investing it. All the information gathered by all the sensors within the world isn’t price pretty much if there isn’t an framework in place to research  it in real time.

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

It is a hardwired part of any embedded system; it links with hardware to carry out different functions. , Arduino IDE software is used. It is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to help you write, compile, and debug embedded programs in figure 9.

Figure 9: Arduino IDE

 

Flowchart

 

Figure 10: flowchart

This is the flow chart in figure10 of working process in which starts from server IP address is entering in to the URL of web page and get webpage at client side with several environment parameters values. Web page has checkbox for control the LED is on and off at client side.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The objective was to contemplate and elaborate a remote weather monitoring station based on Internet of Things (Web server). To achieve the Sensor value and Led control at client side through refreshing the HTML web page and get all environment parameters can be monitored in every one second. The development board of ATmega328 and input/output devices are compatible with Arduino Uno IDE is of simple design, cost effective and veracious. It can be notified that the temperature sensor shows a good level of stability as well as accuracy without any external calibration. Pressure Sensor of station also shows a very good accuracy and also gets altitude value. The Rain sensor is changes shows the results according the level of water drops on raining module:

              Figure 11 : When Raining module is “Dry”

 

  Figure 12 : When Raining module is “Soaked with Water”

 

          Figure 13 : When Raining module is “Heavy Rain”

 CONCLUSION

 Internet of things, this is one of the ways is web server based monitories the environment parameters which are serve as a secure and productive system. There is too many ways we can reduces the human intervention and create world as smart by IoT and it really needs more efforts into overcome or get the ultimate goal of IoT such as smart building an ecosystem that can provide smart user-oriented, smart health care and smart  environment aware services. In this paper , we were used LAN connection (RJ45) which is also replaced by Wi-Fi module so that we can access server data from any internet connection.

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